Business
Is Smithing Worth Doing to Farm OSRS Gold?

What you need to know about Smithing and how to earn OSRS GP while training the skill.
You can certainly make OSRS GP by smithing in Old School RuneScape. Smithing can be profitable depending on the item you create and market conditions. For example, a few popular methods relate to smelting bars since you can smelt various types of ore into bars and then sell these bars to other players or on the Grand Exchange for a profit. The most profitable bars to smelt tend to be steel bars and runite bars, but this can vary based on the current market prices. High-level bars such as Runite bars also bring loads of profit.
Low-Level bars
If you want to smelt bars, even something like bronze bars which you can make with level 1 smithing, can bring you significant profits. However, in this case, the XP is poor. Low-level bars like Steel and iron bars can also bring you some profit. Remember to always use a ring of forging when smelting iron bars, especially as an ironman who can’t just use OSRS GP to buy the ores from the GE.
High-Level bars
It is usually only profitable to smelt high-level bars if you do this at the Blast Furnace. You’ll need higher-level smithing to gain access to the Blast Furnace and a few quests that require other skills to unlock Keldagrim (the dwarf city where the Blast Furnace is located). Still, even though you will need to deposit a gold fee to use this furnace in the first place, you will save loads of resources since you will only use half of the quantity of coal needed.
However, since one of the fastest ways to train Smithing is creating gold bars at the blast furnace using the gold-smithing gauntlets, you won’t be able to profit with these mid-level bars, but you’ll save a lot of time leveling up.
Darts
Smithing darts is also a great activity to obtain gold through Smithing. Even bronze darts will return significant profits. This activity is also afk-able since you can smith a full inventory of darts with a single click or tap. You’ll need a hammer in your inventory for this, or if you went to the free-to-play ruins of Camdozaal and obtained the Imcando hammer, you can wield that one and save on inventory space. However, rune and adamant darts will not bring you profits currently. One of the best places for this activity is the Varrock west bank, next to an anvil.
Cannonballs
Smithing cannonballs is always profitable though sometimes you will have bigger profits than other times, similar to how you might need to check the OSRS gold price multiple times before finding a good offer. This is because of the steel bars’ price and cannonballs on the Grand Exchange, which often vary, giving you bigger or smaller profits. One thing is sure: making cannonballs is a great way to profit with Smithing.
One of the best places for this activity is the Edgeville furnace. Alternatively, if you unlocked the Shilo village, you’ll have a furnace close to a bank. To smith cannonballs, you only need an ammo mold and steel bars. However, suppose you want to be even more efficient and gain more GP per hour from this effortless activity. You should consider getting points at the Giants’ Foundry minigame and purchasing the untradeable 8 cannonballs mold. This will shorten the afk time while giving you more cannonballs per hour since you’ll smith them much faster.
Giants’ Foundry
Giants’ Foundry is the newest Smithing activity which is excellent if you’re an ironman since you can recycle some of the metal drops created from more than 2 bars, such as platebodies, and be rewarded coins, besides the minigame’s currency. You must complete the Sleeping Giant’s quest to unlock this minigame. Even though you won’t profit much from the minigame, it’s an excellent alternative for the high alchemy spell and will bring you decent Smithing XP and GP.
Smithing is Just One of the Many Ways to Farm Gold
Smithing is just one way to make money in OSRS. Many other methods exist, such as farming, slayer tasks, bossing, and more. Different methods suit different players, so you should experiment to determine what works best.
Business
5 Proven Ways to Nurture Long-Term Partnerships Through Appreciation

Building strong partnerships requires more than just successful transactions—it demands genuine appreciation and consistent recognition of shared value. Research from Gallup shows that organizations with engaged partners see 12% better business outcomes, yet many companies struggle to maintain these crucial relationships over time. The key lies in developing systematic approaches to show appreciation that go beyond surface-level gestures.
Whether you’re working with vendors, clients, or strategic partners, demonstrating genuine appreciation creates a foundation for trust and collaboration that withstands market fluctuations and competitive pressures. Here are five proven strategies to nurture your most important partnerships through meaningful appreciation.
Create a Structured Employee Recognition Program That Includes Partners
Employee recognition programs shouldn’t exist in isolation—they’re most effective when they acknowledge the broader ecosystem of contributors to your success. When your internal teams celebrate achievements, include recognition for the partners who helped make those wins possible. This integrated approach shows partners that they’re valued members of your extended team rather than external vendors.
Consider implementing quarterly recognition events where you highlight not just employee achievements, but also partner contributions. For example, if your marketing team exceeded lead generation goals, recognize both the internal team and the external agency or technology partner that provided crucial support. This approach reinforces that success is collaborative and that partners play an essential role in your organization’s achievements.
Implement Peer-to-Peer Recognition Across Organizations
Peer-to-peer recognition becomes even more powerful when it extends beyond organizational boundaries. Encourage your team members to recognize their counterparts at partner organizations for exceptional collaboration, problem-solving, or going above and beyond expectations. This creates personal connections that strengthen the overall partnership.
Set up systems that make cross-organization recognition easy, such as shared digital platforms where team members can give shout-outs to partners, or structured feedback sessions during regular partnership reviews. When individuals feel personally appreciated by their counterparts, they become stronger advocates for the partnership within their own organizations, creating a network effect that benefits the entire relationship.
Invest in Professional Development Opportunities Together
Showing appreciation through shared professional development demonstrates a commitment to long-term partnership success. Invite key partners to attend industry conferences together, co-sponsor educational events, or create joint training programs that benefit both organizations. This investment in mutual growth shows that you view the partnership as more than transactional.
Consider establishing partnership development budgets specifically for shared learning experiences. When you invest in your partners’ growth alongside your own team’s development, you’re communicating that their success matters to you. This approach often leads to innovative solutions and stronger collaboration as both teams learn and grow together.
Provide Thoughtful Support During Difficult Times
True partnership appreciation reveals itself most clearly during challenging periods. When partners face difficulties—whether it’s losing a key team member, dealing with market pressures, or navigating personal challenges—your response demonstrates the depth of your commitment to the relationship.
This might include offering temporary additional support, adjusting timelines to accommodate their challenges, or in cases of personal loss, sending appropriate sympathy gifts to show you care about them as people, not just business associates. These gestures during difficult times create lasting bonds that strengthen partnerships far beyond the immediate crisis.
Celebrate Milestones and Share Success Stories
Make partnership achievements visible both internally and externally. When a partnership reaches significant milestones—whether it’s years of collaboration, achieving major goals together, or successfully navigating challenges—celebrate these achievements publicly. Share success stories in your marketing materials, speak about successful partnerships at industry events, and highlight partner contributions in your internal communications.
This public recognition serves multiple purposes: it shows existing partners that you value and promote their contributions, demonstrates to potential partners how you treat collaborators, and creates positive visibility for your partners’ businesses. Research indicates that 79% of business leaders believe that public recognition significantly impacts partnership satisfaction and renewal rates.
Build Lasting Business Relationships Through Consistent Appreciation
Strong partnerships don’t happen by accident—they’re built through consistent, meaningful appreciation that acknowledges the full spectrum of value partners bring to your organization. By implementing structured recognition programs, fostering cross-organizational relationships, investing in shared growth, supporting partners during challenges, and celebrating successes publicly, you create an environment where partnerships thrive.
The most successful businesses understand that their network of partnerships is a competitive advantage that requires ongoing investment and attention. Start implementing these appreciation strategies today, and watch as your partnerships become stronger, more collaborative, and more mutually beneficial over time.
Business
Timur Turlov and Freedom Holding Corp: Redefining Global Finance with Vision and Purpose

In the ever-evolving landscape of international finance, few stories stand out as prominently as that of Timur Turlov, the founder and CEO of Freedom Holding Corp. From humble beginnings in Russia to becoming a visionary fintech leader listed on the Nasdaq, Turlov’s journey is a testament to determination, innovation, and a strong belief in financial inclusivity. Freedom Holding Corp, under his leadership, has grown from a regional brokerage firm into a globally recognized financial conglomerate, empowering millions of investors across continents.
🚀 From Modest Beginnings to Market Visionary
Timur Turlov was born in 1987 in Russia. Even at a young age, he demonstrated a keen interest in the mechanics of markets and investment strategies. His early fascination with stock trading led him to pursue a degree in economics and management at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, one of Russia’s most prestigious institutions.
His real education, however, came from hands-on experience. As a teenager, Turlov began working in financial services, gaining critical knowledge about market behavior, trading platforms, and investor psychology. By his early twenties, he had identified a significant gap in financial markets in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): access to international financial instruments for ordinary investors.
💡 The Birth of Freedom Finance
In 2008, during a period of global financial uncertainty, Timur Turlov made a bold move—he founded Freedom Finance, a brokerage firm focused on giving people in emerging markets access to U.S. and European securities. While many saw risk, Turlov saw opportunity. His belief was simple: “Everyone should have the right to invest globally, regardless of where they are born.”
What began as a modest brokerage soon became a disruptive force in post-Soviet financial systems. Freedom Finance was among the first firms in the region to offer direct access to American IPOs, ETFs, and blue-chip stocks, allowing local investors to diversify and grow their wealth like never before.
🏛️ Evolution into Freedom Holding Corp
By 2015, Freedom Finance had achieved major milestones across Russia and Kazakhstan. To facilitate expansion and global legitimacy, Turlov established Freedom Holding Corp, a U.S.-registered holding company that would consolidate all international assets and operations.
In October 2019, a major turning point came when Freedom Holding Corp was listed on the Nasdaq under the ticker FRHC. This marked a historic achievement—it was the first financial services company from Kazakhstan and the CIS to be listed on a major U.S. exchange.
This listing not only elevated the firm’s global status but also provided Turlov with the capital and credibility to fuel further expansion into Europe, Central Asia, and the U.S.
🌍 A Global Financial Ecosystem
Today, Freedom Holding Corp is a comprehensive financial services conglomerate. The company operates in 15 countries, including the U.S., Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Germany, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Its offerings now span:
- Retail Brokerage: Thousands of clients invest in U.S. and European markets via the Freedom24 platform.
- Investment Banking: Helping businesses raise capital through IPOs and secondary offerings.
- Banking: Freedom Bank in Kazakhstan offers digital-first banking services.
- Fintech: Through Freedom Pay and digital wallets, users can transact across borders with ease.
- Insurance: Tailored financial protection products for individuals and SMEs.
- Telecom & E-commerce: Through acquisitions and innovation, the holding is venturing into consumer technology.
At its core, Freedom Holding’s mission is to bridge East and West, giving emerging markets the tools they need to access global opportunities.
📈 Financial Growth & BlackRock Investment
Freedom Holding Corp’s financial performance has been impressive. As of 2024:
- Annual Revenue: Exceeds $1.6 billion
- Net Profit: Over $375 million
- Total Assets: Approx. $8.3 billion
- Client Accounts: More than 5 million globally
These strong financials caught the attention of BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, which became the second-largest shareholder of Freedom Holding Corp in 2025—further cementing its place among top-tier global institutions.
This move served as a strong endorsement of the company’s strategy, transparency, and long-term value potential.
👨💼 Timur Turlov: The Modern CEO
Unlike many CEOs, Timur Turlov remains very close to the customer experience. He is known to regularly engage with users on social media, sharing updates, responding to feedback, and championing financial literacy.
Turlov has also embraced digital transformation wholeheartedly. His belief in democratizing finance has led to the development of user-friendly platforms like Freedom24, which gives retail investors access to the same IPOs and trading opportunities traditionally reserved for institutional players.
His leadership style is marked by transparency, optimism, and a relentless drive to push boundaries.
🇰🇿 Citizenship and Cultural Contributions
In 2022, Timur Turlov became a citizen of Kazakhstan, a country he now calls home both in business and spirit. His commitment to Kazakhstan goes beyond economics. He has become a prominent figure in the country’s social, cultural, and sporting life.
Key Initiatives:
- President of the Kazakhstan Chess Federation: Promoting intellectual development and youth engagement.
- Founder of the QJ League: A youth football league that fosters athletic talent across rural Kazakhstan.
- Support for Art & Education: Scholarships, mentorship programs, and partnerships with local universities.
- Environmental Work: Through the Freedom Shapagat Foundation, the company supports recycling and eco-awareness.
Turlov’s contributions to Kazakhstan have elevated him to the status of a national role model—someone who not only builds companies but also builds communities.
🌱 Sustainability & ESG Commitments
Freedom Holding Corp is not just about profits—it’s about purpose. The company has embraced Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles in meaningful ways:
- Green Investments: Offering clients sustainable ETFs and bonds.
- Carbon-Neutral Offices: Reducing the environmental impact of corporate infrastructure.
- Financial Literacy: Free webinars and education tools for novice investors.
As a signatory of the UN Global Compact, Freedom Holding Corp supports global sustainable development goals, from water security to climate resilience.
🧠 Thought Leadership in Fintech
Timur Turlov is also increasingly seen as a global thought leader in the fintech space. He regularly speaks at international conferences, contributes to financial journals, and collaborates with other industry leaders on innovation and regulation.
His belief in AI, blockchain, and open finance drives the company’s innovation roadmap. Turlov’s vision is to create a future where anyone, anywhere, can access financial services that are fair, transparent, and empowering.
🏆 Awards and Recognition
Freedom Holding Corp and Timur Turlov have received numerous accolades, including:
- Top 100 Most Influential CEOs in Emerging Markets
- Nasdaq Recognition for Excellence in Global Expansion
- Kazakhstan Business Leadership Award
- UN Global Compact – Regional Sustainability Partner
Each award is a reflection of the relentless focus on delivering value—not just to shareholders, but to society at large.
💬 What the World Says
Freedom Holding Corp has garnered widespread praise from industry analysts, investors, and financial media.
“Freedom Holding is one of the most exciting financial services companies to emerge from Central Asia in recent memory.”
— Bloomberg
“Turlov is building bridges between traditional markets and the new financial frontier.”
— Financial Times
“An innovative disruptor making Wall Street accessible to everyone.”
— Forbes
🧭 Looking Ahead: What’s Next?
With the financial world rapidly evolving, Turlov and Freedom Holding Corp are setting their sights on even bigger goals:
- Expansion into Southeast Asia and MENA
- Launch of Freedom Crypto Exchange (in development)
- Partnerships with global fintech firms for cross-border services
- Freedom Education Platform for investor learning
The mission is clear: to make global investing as easy as booking a flight.
🎯 Conclusion: A Legacy in the Making
Timur Turlov is not just building a company—he is building a legacy. His journey from a student trader to a Nasdaq-listed CEO is one of ambition, clarity of vision, and a deep belief in empowerment through access. Freedom Holding Corp, under his leadership, is much more than a financial institution. It’s a movement toward open, border.
Business
Why Chillers and Cooling Towers Are Essential for Commercial Buildings

Chillers and cooling towers are essential for maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures in commercial buildings while managing energy costs. Together, they form the core of HVAC systems, ensuring efficiency and occupant comfort. This guide explains how these systems work, their roles in cooling operations, and key maintenance tips to optimize performance and reduce costs.
How Chillers Work
Chillers are the workhorses of commercial cooling systems. These machines remove heat from a liquid (typically water) through a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. The chilled water then circulates throughout the building to absorb heat from indoor spaces.
The basic chiller process involves four main components: the evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. Refrigerant flows through these components in a continuous cycle. In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the water, causing it to evaporate into a gas. The compressor then pressurizes this gas, raising its temperature significantly.
Next, the hot, high-pressure refrigerant gas moves to the condenser, where it releases heat and returns to a liquid state. Finally, the expansion valve reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant before it returns to the evaporator to begin the cycle again.
Chillers come in two main types: air-cooled and water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers use fans to blow air across the condenser coils, releasing heat directly to the atmosphere. Water-cooled chillers, on the other hand, use water to remove heat from the condenser—and this is where cooling towers become essential.
How Cooling Towers Work
Cooling towers serve a specific but crucial role in commercial cooling systems. They remove heat from water that has been warmed by the building’s heat-rejection process, primarily from water-cooled chillers. Think of them as giant heat exchangers that use evaporation to cool water.
The process starts when warm water from the chiller’s condenser enters the top of the cooling tower. This water cascades down through a series of fill materials designed to maximize surface area and contact time with air. As the water falls, fans draw air upward through the tower.
Evaporation does the heavy lifting in heat removal. As some of the water evaporates, it takes heat energy with it, cooling the remaining water. The cooled water collects in a basin at the bottom of the tower and returns to the chiller to start the process over again.
Cooling towers come in several configurations, including natural draft, mechanical draft, and crossflow or counterflow designs. Mechanical draft towers, which use fans to move air, are most common in commercial applications because they provide more precise control over cooling capacity.
The makeup water system continuously adds fresh water to replace what’s lost through evaporation, drift, and blowdown. This constant water turnover helps maintain water quality and prevents the buildup of minerals and contaminants.
Synergy Between Chillers and Cooling Towers
Water-cooled chillers and cooling towers work as an integrated system, each component enhancing the other’s performance. This partnership creates significant advantages over air-cooled systems, particularly in larger commercial applications.
The cooling tower enables the chiller to operate more efficiently by maintaining consistently cool condenser water temperatures. Unlike air-cooled chillers, which must work against ambient air temperatures, water-cooled chillers benefit from the cooling tower’s ability to achieve water temperatures below the ambient air temperature through evaporative cooling.
This temperature advantage translates directly into energy savings. Water-cooled chillers typically operate 10-15% more efficiently than their air-cooled counterparts because the chiller’s compressor doesn’t have to work as hard to reject heat. The lower condensing temperatures reduce the pressure difference the compressor must overcome.
The system’s efficiency improves even more during cooler weather. Cooling towers become increasingly effective as ambient temperatures drop, allowing the entire system to operate at peak efficiency when outdoor conditions are favorable.
Heat rejection capacity also scales better with this configuration. Large commercial buildings generate substantial heat loads that would require massive air-cooled condensers. Cooling towers provide a more compact and cost-effective solution for rejecting large amounts of heat.
Maintenance and Efficiency Tips
Proper maintenance keeps chiller and cooling tower systems running efficiently while extending their lifespan. Regular attention to both components prevents costly breakdowns and maintains optimal performance.
Chiller Maintenance Essentials
Monitor refrigerant levels and pressures regularly. Low refrigerant levels force the system to work harder, increasing energy consumption and potentially damaging the compressor. Check for leaks at connections and seals, and address them promptly.
Clean evaporator and condenser tubes according to manufacturer schedules. Scale buildup and fouling reduce heat transfer efficiency, forcing the chiller to work harder to achieve the same cooling output. Water treatment programs help minimize fouling, but periodic cleaning remains essential.
Inspect and calibrate controls and sensors. Temperature and pressure sensors that drift out of calibration can cause the system to operate inefficiently or shut down unnecessarily. Regular calibration ensures accurate system operation.
Cooling Tower Maintenance Priorities
Water treatment deserves top priority in cooling tower maintenance. Untreated water leads to scale formation, corrosion, and biological growth. A comprehensive water treatment program includes chemical treatment, regular testing, and proper blowdown rates.
Clean fill materials and drift eliminators regularly. These components can become clogged with debris, algae, or scale, reducing the tower’s heat transfer capability. Regular cleaning maintains optimal air and water flow patterns.
Inspect fan systems, including blades, motors, and drive components. Vibration analysis can detect bearing problems before they cause expensive failures. Keep fan blades clean and balanced to ensure efficient air movement.
Check spray nozzles and distribution systems. Uneven water distribution reduces cooling efficiency and can cause hot spots in the tower. Replace worn or clogged nozzles to maintain proper water distribution patterns.
System-Wide Efficiency Strategies
Optimize chilled water and condenser water temperatures based on building load and weather conditions. Raising chilled water temperature by just one degree can reduce chiller energy consumption by 2-3%. Similarly, lowering condenser water temperature improves chiller efficiency.
Implement variable flow pumping systems. Constant flow systems waste energy by circulating water at full flow regardless of actual cooling demand. Variable flow systems adjust pump speed based on system requirements.
Consider free cooling when conditions permit. During cooler weather, some systems can bypass the chiller entirely and use the cooling tower to provide cooling directly. This “waterside economizer” approach can significantly reduce energy consumption during favorable weather conditions.
Regular professional inspections catch problems early. While daily and weekly maintenance tasks can be handled in-house, annual inspections by qualified technicians identify issues that require specialized knowledge. These inspections often reveal problems that could lead to major repairs if left unaddressed, much like AC repairs like those in Sandy that address system issues before they become costly failures.
Maximizing Your Commercial Cooling Investment
Chillers and cooling towers represent a significant investment in commercial building infrastructure. Understanding their operation and maintenance requirements helps building managers maximize this investment through improved efficiency, reduced energy costs, and extended equipment life.
The synergy between these systems creates opportunities for substantial energy savings compared to air-cooled alternatives. However, realizing these benefits requires consistent attention to maintenance and water treatment. Buildings that implement comprehensive maintenance programs typically see lower operating costs and fewer emergency repairs.
Consider conducting an annual assessment of your cooling system’s performance. This evaluation should include energy consumption analysis, water quality testing, and equipment condition surveys. The insights gained can guide maintenance priorities and identify opportunities for efficiency improvements.
Investing in proper training for maintenance staff pays dividends in system reliability and efficiency. Understanding how chillers and cooling towers work together enables maintenance teams to identify problems early and maintain optimal performance throughout the cooling season.
Conclusion
Now that we have discussed the importance of regular maintenance for cooling systems, it is evident that investing time and resources into proper upkeep can significantly benefit a building’s energy efficiency, reliability, and overall performance.
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